Characterization of Plasma Membrane Polarization in Hippocampal Neurons During Sine Wave and Modulated Sine Wave Stimulation

This experimental series aimed to visualize and characterize plasma membrane (PM) polarization dynamics in hippocampal neurons exposed to 2 kHz sine waves or 2 kHz sine waves modulated at 100 Hz or 154 Hz. Neurons were pre-loaded with FluoVolt potentiometric dye to enable visualization of membrane polarization changes. This study was partially supported by the NIH Brain Initiative (NEI R21EY034803).