Wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) use tools to access out of reach water

The use of tools to drink water is well-documented in wild chimpanzees, but the specific function of this behavior is unclear. Here we use a large dataset of drinking behaviors spanning 14 years of observation from the Kanyawara community of chimpanzees living in Kibale National Park, Uganda, in order to test two possible functions of leaf-sponges and other drinking tools. On the one hand, chimpanzees may use tools to access water that is hard to reach, which predicts that chimpanzees will preferentially use tools to drink at tree holes and crevices compared to all other locations. Conversely, chimpanzees may use these tools to filter stagnant water, in which case they would use tools more often at holes and puddles compared to running water sources (e.g., streams). We compared both likelihood of using a tool to drink at different locations, as well as overall rates of drinking, and found chimpanzees in this community most often drink from streams without tools. However, when they do us..., , # Wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) use tools to access out of reach water

Dataset DOI: [10.5061/dryad.6q573n68n](10.5061/dryad.6q573n68n)

## Description of the data and file structure

This data set consists of two files (.xlsx format) with the data for the different sets of analyses reported in this work. For each task, there is a key tab in the file defining each variation reported in the main data tab. The two files are:

1\. Drinking Events: each row in this file is the record of a discrete drinking event where chimpanzees did or did not use a tool to drink. Additional variables include the demographic characteristics of chimpanzee (age and sex); the year and month of the event; and the location of the drinking event. Some analyses with this dataset used only individuals over age 5 years (juvenile and adult cohorts).

2\. Drinking Rates: each row in this file is the annual drinking rate for a given chimpanzee a different locations; rates were calculated as count o...,