Comparison of SLE patients in the two clusters.

Values presented are means ± SD or numbers (%) of patients, depending on whether the data are continuous or dichotomous. ESR = erythrocyte sedimentation rate; Hgb = hemoglobin; dsDNA = double-stranded DNA; HCQ = hydroxychloroquine; NS = not significant.†Mann–Whitney test was used, instead of a t test, because the data were not normally distributed.¥Autoantibodies included anti-dsDNA, anti-Ro, anti-La, anti-U1 RNP, and anti-Sm antibodies, with a range of 0–5.§All glucocorticoid doses were converted to equivalent daily doses of prednisone.