Cross-sectional baseline associations of fasting insulin, glucose, and HOMA-IRwith 25(OH)D concentrations among 5730 study participants.

25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance; nmol/L, nanomoles per liter; β coefficient (95% CI), coefficient derived from linear regression with 95% confidence interval; β coefficient quantifies the change in HOMA-IR, fasting insulin, and glucose per 25 nmol/L increment of 25(OH)D. Multivariable models were adjusted for sex, age, body mass index, hypertension, serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, seasons, smoking status, alcohol status, and physical activity.Cross-sectional baseline associations of fasting insulin, glucose, and HOMA-IRwith 25(OH)D concentrations among 5730 study participants.