Table1_How does education affect urban carbon emission efficiency under the strategy of scientific and technological innovation?.XLSX

Low-carbon economy is not only an important topic for the globe but also a serious challenge for China with its economy entering a new level. Based on the DEA-undesirable model and Malmquist index model, urban agglomeration of the Yangtze River Delta and the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area from 2010 to 2021 were selected as research samples. Based on that, a panel generalized method of moments model was constructed to analyze the effects of the education level, technological development, and their interaction on urban carbon emission efficiency. It found that 1) the carbon emission efficiency of the Yangtze River Delta and the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area urban agglomerations shows a steady growth trend, but the overall level is low and there are regional differences, among which pure technical efficiency mainly limits the improvement of comprehensive efficiency; 2) the education level and technological development have a high positive correlation on urban carbon emission, and their interaction is conducive to the improvement of carbon emission efficiency. The carbon emission efficiency has a significant advantage under the influence of control variables, such as the economic development level, industrial structure upgrading, opening-up degree, and Internet penetration rate. 3) According to the economic dimension and population dimension, the samples of the Yangtze River Delta and the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area were divided into large cities and small cities, and regression results showed no substantial changes. It shows that the research conclusion is scientific. According to the aforementioned conclusion, this paper puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.

低碳经济不仅是对全球而言至关重要的议题，亦是中国经济迈向新阶段的严峻挑战。基于数据包络分析（DEA）的不利模型与Malmquist指数模型，选取2010年至2021年间长江三角洲与粤港澳大湾区城市群的集聚现象作为研究对象。据此，构建了面板广义矩估计模型，以探讨教育水平、技术发展及其交互作用对城市碳排放效率的影响。研究发现：1）长江三角洲与粤港澳大湾区城市群的城市碳排放效率呈现出稳步增长的趋势，但整体水平偏低，且存在区域差异，其中纯技术效率是制约综合效率提升的主要因素；2）教育水平与技术发展对城市碳排放具有高度的正相关性，两者的交互作用有利于碳排放效率的提升。在经济发展水平、产业结构升级、对外开放程度和互联网普及率等控制变量的影响下，碳排放效率具有显著优势。3）根据经济规模与人口规模，将长江三角洲与粤港澳大湾区城市群样本划分为大中城市与小城市，回归结果未发现实质性变化，表明研究结论具有科学性。基于上述结论，本文提出了相应的对策与建议。