Infrequent oceanic long-range dispersal and evolution of a top terrestrial arthropod predator in the sub-Antarctic

The UNESCO world heritage sub-Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems are unique. They have been isolated for over 30 million years by constant circum-polar currents and winds, and shaped by climatic cycles that surpass the tolerance limits of many species. Despite this recognition, surprisingly little is known about how these ecosystems acquired their native terrestrial fauna and how it changed over deep time scales. Here the patterns and timing of colonization and speciation in the largest and dominant arthropod predators in the Eastern sub-Antarctic – spiders of the genus Myro – are demonstrated for the first time. Our results indicate that this lineage originated from Australia before the Plio-Pleistocenic glacial cycles and underwent an adaptive radiation on the Crozet archipelago. We discuss the gain and loss of pre-adaptations acting as filter that enabled only one of four Myro species native to the Crozet islands to repeatedly disperse via the Antarctic circum-polar current, resulting ..., Collection and field observation. Fieldwork in Tasmania was done under the research Authority No. FA18285, for Maatsuyker Island FA19197, and for Macquarie Island FA15234 of the DPIPWE (Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment, Tasmania). Fieldwork on Crozet and Kerguelen islands (French Southern territories) was done under the project 136-SUBANTECO (French Polar Institute) with the collection permits A2020-89 (26/08/2020) and A-2021-115 (12/10/2021) from Terres Australes et Antarctique Françaises. The collection sites are indicated on the maps in Fig. S3. Specimens from Marion Island were obtained under the permit MARION-E/MA2022-6 by DFFE (Department of Forest, Fisheries and the Environment). Fieldwork in New Zealand was performed under the Research and Collection Authority 71225-RES by the DOC (Department of Conservation, New Zealand).
Specimens of Toxopidae were hand collected from webs and retreats or by turning stones and sifting litter. Myro spp. from Macqua..., All files included in this submission can be viewed with text editors. For viewing and analysing the files, however, programmes that can handle sequence alignments, such as MEGA, are recommended., # Infrequent oceanic long-range dispersal and evolution of a top terrestrial arthropod predator in the sub-Antarctic

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Sequence data Myroinae

## Description of the data and file structure

1_consensus_sequences.zip: Raw consensus sequences generated from Nanopore reads after demultiplexing by specimen index and marker.

2_alignment_concatenated.zip: Final concatenated alignment (ITS reduced) used for phylogenetic analyses. The zip archive contains the concatenated alignment (fasta file) and the partition (nexus file).