juliensimon/geomagnetic-kp-index
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--- license: cc-by-4.0 pretty_name: "Geomagnetic Kp Index (3-Hourly)" language: - en description: >- 3-hourly geomagnetic Kp index from NOAA SWPC, measuring planetary magnetic disturbance on a 0-9 scale. Updated daily, growing incrementally. size_categories: - 1K<n<10K task_categories: - time-series-forecasting - tabular-classification tags: - open-data - space - space-weather - kp-index - geomagnetic - noaa - magnetosphere - aurora - tabular-data - parquet configs: - config_name: default data_files: - split: train path: data/kp_index.parquet --- # Geomagnetic Kp Index (3-Hourly) *Part of the [Space Weather Datasets](https://huggingface.co/collections/juliensimon/space-weather-datasets-69c24cae98f1666f2101ca70) collection on Hugging Face.*   3-hourly geomagnetic Kp index from [NOAA SWPC](https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/), measuring planetary magnetic disturbance. Currently **93** readings spanning **2026-03-17** to **2026-03-28**. ## Dataset description The Kp index is a quasi-logarithmic scale (0-9) that quantifies geomagnetic disturbance based on magnetometer readings from 13 ground stations worldwide. It is the basis for the NOAA G-scale storm classification: | Kp | NOAA Scale | Effect | |----|-----------|--------| | 0-4 | Quiet | No significant effects | | 5 | G1 Minor | Weak power grid fluctuations, minor satellite impact | | 6 | G2 Moderate | High-latitude power systems affected, satellite drag increases | | 7 | G3 Strong | Power grid corrections needed, satellite orientation issues | | 8 | G4 Severe | Widespread voltage control problems, satellite charging | | 9 | G5 Extreme | Grid collapse risk, satellite damage, GPS degraded | ## Schema | Column | Type | Description | |--------|------|-------------| | `datetime` | datetime | 3-hour interval start (UTC) | | `kp_value` | float | Kp index (0.0 to 9.0) | | `ap_running` | float | Running ap equivalent index | | `station_count` | float | Number of contributing stations | | `storm_level` | string | NOAA storm classification (quiet/G1-G5) | ## Quick stats - **93** readings (2026-03-17 to 2026-03-28) - Average Kp: **2.8**, Maximum: **7.0** - **13** storm-level readings (Kp >= 5) ## Usage ```python from datasets import load_dataset ds = load_dataset("juliensimon/geomagnetic-kp-index", split="train") df = ds.to_pandas() # Storm events storms = df[df["kp_value"] >= 5] print(f"{len(storms)} storm readings") # Kp time series df.plot(x="datetime", y="kp_value", title="Kp Index") # Correlate with solar wind Bz # Join with juliensimon/solar-wind dataset ``` ## Update frequency Updated **daily at 15:30 UTC** via GitHub Actions. Each run fetches the latest ~30-day window from SWPC and appends new readings. ## Data source [NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center](https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/planetary-k-index). Kp is derived from magnetometer data at 13 geomagnetic observatories and maintained by GFZ Potsdam under the International Service of Geomagnetic Indices. ## Related datasets - [dst-index](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/dst-index) — Hourly Dst storm index (complementary) - [solar-wind](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/solar-wind) — Real-time solar wind (Kp driver) - [space-weather-indices](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/space-weather-indices) — Daily Ap, F10.7 - [donki-space-weather-events](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/donki-space-weather-events) — CMEs, storms ## Pipeline Source code: [juliensimon/space-datasets](https://github.com/juliensimon/space-datasets) ## Support If you find this dataset useful, please give it a ❤️ on the [dataset page](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/geomagnetic-kp-index) and share feedback in the Community tab! Also consider giving a ⭐️ to the [space-datasets](https://github.com/juliensimon/space-datasets) repo. ## Citation ```bibtex @dataset{kp_index, author = {Simon, Julien}, title = {Geomagnetic Kp Index (3-Hourly)}, year = {2026}, publisher = {Hugging Face}, url = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/geomagnetic-kp-index}, note = {Based on NOAA SWPC planetary K-index data, derived from GFZ Potsdam} } ```




