沈阳街景照片

沈阳市百度街景照片
绿视率（Green Looking Ratio）这一概念最早由日本人青木阳二于1987年提出，具体是指人们眼睛所看到的物体中绿色植物所占的比例，强调的是绿化的立体的视觉效果。

在常用的城市绿化评价指标体系中，如绿地率、绿化覆盖率、人均公园绿地面积等指标，大都是从鸟瞰的视角出发，对二维平面绿化效果进行一定的评价，但对于三维空间的绿化效果无法做出客观的评价。研究显示，在实际生活中，人们在环境中所接受到的信息大约80%—90%来源于视觉，即三维的立体效果。绿视率就是对绿化立体效果的最直观的量化评价。

绿视率是从人对环境的感知方面考虑的，侧重的是环境绿色的立体构成。有研究数据显示，绿色在人们的视野中达到25%时，人感觉最为舒服。从这个意义上来说，绿视率的本质，就是“视觉生态”问题，即从行人的视角、城市空间的维度来评价城市公共空间的绿量，可以真实反映三维空间的绿色资源，更贴近人们的真实感受。

**绿化率高，绿视率就一定高吗？**

绿化率高，绿视率就一定高吗？并非如此。

致力于研发基于图像(AI)+地理信息服务(GIS)的综合算法，服务智慧城市、地产咨询、新零售交互等行业的“城室科技”团队在2020年3月发布了“2019中国城市街道绿视率排行榜”，其中河南许昌排名第四，城市绿视率达到27.56%，但城市建成区绿化覆盖率却达到41.28%。

“城室科技”的研究显示，绿化覆盖率高的城市看起来不一定最绿，而过宽的道路也会让“绿”看起来更少。因为绿视率除了反映绿量外，也反映了绿化与道路的比例关系。以福建莆田为例，绿化覆盖率超过44%，但绿视率只有13.98%，排名在230名。原因是莆田的街道部分行道树空缺，道路绿化的竖向层次不足，多为乔木+草或灌木+草，这些都让莆田的街道“感觉没那么绿”。

北京也存在类似的情况，虽然绿化率还算高，但街道的绿视率低，分析可能是因为北京城市建成区内的绿化主要集中在公园绿地等地块内部，而街道空间的绿化相对不足。此外，北京作为北方城市，街道种植的落叶树较多，也对绿视率有一定影响。

**绿视率已经成为反映城市生态质量的一个重要指标**

绿视率可以衡量人在绿化环境中的视觉感受，也是反映城市生态质量的一个重要指标。这正如北京市生态环境局自然生态保护处处长曹志萍所说的：绿视率是城市更新生态保护修复效果的表征之一，反映了在既有城市绿地基础上，结合实际开展见缝插绿、疏解建绿、微小绿地建设的成效，一定程度上反映了城市生态质量。

2004年，绿视率成为日本政府的城市绿化评价常规指标。随后，这一指标开始逐渐出现在日本各地的绿地规划中，成为引导城市绿色空间发展的重要指标。

2010年，日本京都推出的《绿地基本计划》在提出绿化目标时，引入了“绿视率”。2012年，大阪推出了修订后的《新大阪府绿地基本计划》，其中，绿化指标中新加入了“绿视率”，并选取了8个城市重要节点，定期针对绿视率进行调查并公布结果，作为衡量城市绿化发展的重要依据。2018年3月，东京推出的《新宿区绿地基本计划（修订）》中，引入了“绿视率”的概念，提出了四个主要提升方向，即通过多方合作提升城市绿化、创建可见的绿色、提高生物多样性、保护并丰富公园。其中，“创建可见的绿色”目标，旨在提升居民在公共开放空间内所看到的绿色。因为对于高密度的新宿区来说，绿化已经很难在发展用地上有所增长，更多的需要从立体空间寻找机会。

对于我国许多城市来说，随着生态环境保护力度的日益加大，许多城市都开始把增加绿视率作为衡量和引导城市绿色空间发展的重要指标。例如北京在《首都功能核心区控制性详细规划（街区层面）（2018年—2035年）》中就明确提出，要构建文脉清晰、全民共享的绿色空间体系，提升三维绿化效果，提高绿视率水平。

深圳市于今年5月28日发布的《深圳市公园城市建设总体规划暨三年行动计划（2022-2024年）》（草案）中，明确提出要全面发展立体绿化，提升城区绿视率和观景效果。

而上海在“十三五”期间，全市新增立体绿化约206.3万平方米，总量达到474.1万平方米，城市绿化覆盖率和绿视率显著提高。

相信随着人们对生态环境质量要求的提高，绿视率将会纳入更多城市关于评价城市生态质量的指标体系中，越来越受到重视。

Baidu Street View Photos of Shenyang

The concept of Green Looking Ratio (GLR) was first proposed by Japanese scholar Yoichi Aoki in 1987. It specifically refers to the proportion of green plants among the objects visible to the human eye, emphasizing the three-dimensional visual effect of greenery.

Among the commonly used urban greening evaluation index systems, indicators such as green space rate, green coverage rate, and per capita park green area mostly evaluate two-dimensional planar greening effects from a bird's-eye view, but cannot objectively assess the greening effects in three-dimensional space. Studies have shown that approximately 80% to 90% of the information people obtain from their surrounding environment comes from visual perception, namely three-dimensional stereoscopic effects. Green Looking Ratio serves as the most intuitive quantitative assessment of the three-dimensional greening effect.

Green Looking Ratio is considered from the perspective of human environmental perception, focusing on the three-dimensional configuration of greenery in the built environment. Research data shows that people feel most comfortable when green accounts for 25% of their field of vision. In this sense, the essence of Green Looking Ratio is the issue of 'visual ecology': evaluating the green volume of urban public spaces from the perspective of pedestrians and the dimension of urban space, which can truly reflect the green resources in three-dimensional space and be closer to people's real feelings.

**Does a Higher Green Space Rate Equate to a Higher Green Looking Ratio?**

This is not the case.

The Chengshi Technology team, which is committed to developing comprehensive algorithms based on image (AI) + Geographic Information Service (GIS) to serve industries including smart cities, real estate consulting, and new retail interaction, released the '2019 China Urban Street Green Looking Ratio Ranking' in March 2020. In the ranking, Xuchang, Henan ranked fourth, with a city-wide Green Looking Ratio of 27.56%, while the green coverage rate of its built-up area reached 41.28%.

Research from Chengshi Technology shows that cities with high green coverage rates do not necessarily look the greenest, and overly wide roads can also make 'greenery' appear less prominent. In addition to reflecting green volume, Green Looking Ratio also reflects the proportional relationship between greenery and road space. Taking Putian, Fujian as an example, its green coverage rate exceeds 44%, but its Green Looking Ratio is only 13.98%, ranking 230th. The reason is that some street trees in Putian's roads are missing, and the vertical layers of road greening are insufficient, mostly consisting of trees + grass or shrubs + grass, all of which make Putian's streets 'feel less green'.

Beijing faces a similar situation: although its green space rate is relatively high, the street Green Looking Ratio is low. Analysis indicates that this may be because greenery in Beijing's built-up areas is mainly concentrated within plots such as park green spaces, while greenery in street spaces is relatively insufficient. Additionally, as a northern city, Beijing has a large number of deciduous trees planted along its streets, which also exerts a certain impact on Green Looking Ratio.

**Green Looking Ratio Has Become an Important Indicator Reflecting Urban Ecological Quality**

Green Looking Ratio can measure people's visual perception in green environments, and is also an important indicator reflecting urban ecological quality. As Cao Zhiping, Director of the Natural Ecology Protection Department of the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment, stated: Green Looking Ratio is one of the indicators reflecting the effectiveness of ecological protection and restoration during urban renewal. It reflects the outcomes of maximizing greening in available spaces, relocating facilities to build green areas, and constructing small-scale urban green spaces based on existing urban green lands, and to a certain extent, reflects the quality of urban ecology.

In 2004, Green Looking Ratio was adopted as a regular urban greening evaluation indicator by the Japanese government. Subsequently, this indicator gradually appeared in green space planning across Japan, becoming an important guideline for guiding the development of urban green spaces.

In 2010, Kyoto, Japan introduced Green Looking Ratio when formulating its Basic Green Space Plan. In 2012, Osaka released the revised Basic Green Space Plan of Osaka Prefecture, which added Green Looking Ratio as a new greening indicator. It selected 8 key urban nodes, regularly conducted surveys on Green Looking Ratio and published the results, serving as an important basis for measuring urban greening development. In March 2018, Tokyo's Shinjuku Ward introduced the concept of Green Looking Ratio in its Revised Basic Green Space Plan for Shinjuku Ward, proposing four core improvement directions: enhancing urban greening through multi-stakeholder cooperation, creating visible greenery, improving biodiversity, and protecting and enriching park spaces. Among them, the goal of 'creating visible greenery' aims to increase the amount of greenery visible to residents in public open spaces. For the high-density Shinjuku Ward, it is difficult to expand greenery through development land, so more opportunities need to be explored from three-dimensional space.

For many cities in China, with the growing intensity of ecological environmental protection, an increasing number of cities have begun to take increasing Green Looking Ratio as an important indicator to measure and guide the development of urban green spaces. For example, Beijing clearly stipulated in its Detailed Regulatory Plan for the Core Area of the Capital's Functions (Street Level, 2018-2035) that it will build a green space system with clear cultural context and shared by all people, improve three-dimensional greening effects, and raise the level of Green Looking Ratio.

On May 28 of this year, Shenzhen released the Draft Overall Plan for Park City Construction and Three-Year Action Plan (2022-2024), which explicitly proposes to comprehensively develop three-dimensional greening and improve urban Green Looking Ratio and viewing effects.

During the 13th Five-Year Plan period, Shanghai added approximately 2.063 million square meters of three-dimensional greenery, bringing the total area to 4.741 million square meters, and the city's green coverage rate and Green Looking Ratio were significantly improved.

It is believed that with the rising demands for ecological environment quality, Green Looking Ratio will be incorporated into the urban ecological quality evaluation index systems of more cities and receive increasing attention.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

沈阳街景照片数据集包含沈阳市的百度街景照片，主要用于研究和评估城市绿视率。该数据集强调了绿视率作为城市绿化立体效果的重要指标，并提供了相关背景信息和实际应用案例。