Haplogroup frequencies and Pearson's chi-square test in 304 LHON patients with m.11778G>A and 1,689 Han Chinese from general populations.

aPooled Han Chinese were from reported populations (see Table S1 for more information).bTwo tailed Fisher exact test was applied instead a Pearson chi-square test in cases containing cell counts below five.cAdjusted P-value: adjustment of P-values was carried out with a permutation-based approach; number of permutations = 100,000; OR (95% CI): Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval).dNote that haplogroup F is a sub-haplogroup of haplogroup R9 and the number of F mtDNAs are also included here.