Biotechnological Approaches for Environmental Remediation: CRISPR, Biofilms, and Engineered Microorganisms in Pollution Management

Environmental pollution from heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants, and antibiotic resistance genes poses critical risks to ecosystems and human health. Conventional remediation approaches are often inefficient, costly, and environmentally damaging. This study presents an integrated biotechnological approach utilizing CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to enhance Pseudomonas putida’s heavy metal tolerance and sequestration capabilities, engineered biofilms for increased pollutant binding, and nanoparticle-assisted delivery systems to improve microbial viability and targeting in contaminated environments. Laboratory-scale experiments with cadmium-contaminated media and soil microcosms demonstrate significant improvements in pollutant removal, microbial survival, and biofilm robustness. These biotechnological innovations offer a scalable, environmentally sustainable solution to heavy metal pollution, aligning with national interest directives for advancing public health and environmental quality.