Generation of human kidney organoids from urine cells

Kidney organoids are ideal models to study the complex process of human kidney development. Here we report the generation of functional kidney organoids by reprogramming human urine epithelial cells (hUCs). RNA-seq and ATAC-seq revealed the three-stage process of the 2D U-iRO induction. Single cell RNA-seq further reveals the cell types in 2D and 3D organoids, 2D U-iRO dominated with mesenchyme and 3D U-iRO with tubule. We analyzed the transcriptome expression profiles (RNA-seq) and chromation accessibility (ATAC-seq) during 2D U-iRO induction. 10X Chromium were used to profile 2D and 3D U-iRO