Raw data Mangrove Heterogenity 2024.xls

Cold waves restrict the distribution of mangroves. This study examined the contribution of PSII heterogeneity and stomatal behavior in sustaining photochemistry and photoprotection in mangroves during cold waves.We exposed eight populations of Kandelia obovata (KO [cold tolerant]) and, Bruguiera gymnorhiza (BG [moderately cold-tolerant]) from different latitudes to 27/20°C (favorable) and 10/3°C (chilling; simulated cold wave) day and night temperatures.Multiple trait responses imply that cold waves least affected KO. Significant changes in chlorophyll fluorescence transients (photosystem II [PSII]) with a slight decrease in the redox status of P700 (photosystem I (PSI]) imply a larger impact of cold wave on PSII.During cold wave, photochemical efficiency of PSII, efficiency of the water splitting complex, light absorptance, stomatal pore area, cyclic electron flow, nonphotochemical quenching, and number of active PSIIα and PSII QB reducing centers were decreased, while light transmittance, night respiration, and inactive PSII QB non-reducing, PSIIβ, and γ centers were increased in both species. The population of KO from the coldest latitudinal site (Fujian, China) is least affected by cold wave due to evolutionary and local adaptations.Modulation of PSII heterogeneity and stomatal behavior is important to sustain photochemistry and photoprotection in mangroves to cope with cold waves.