Proximity-Induced DNA Encoding of Surface Protein Profiles on sEVs

Converting surface protein profiles into encoded DNA sequences for amplification and sequencing can simultaneously offer detection sensitivity and multiplexing capability.Herein, we fully harvested the protein detection property of DNA aptamers along with its DNA nature for ease of encoding, amplification, and sequencing, to design a molecular detection module engineered from a single DNA molecule of programmable sequence to realize precise and quantitative protein-to-DNA signal transformation. In addition, we further revolutionized this method by introducing another probe that has been hydrophobically anchored onto sEV surface to enable proximity-induced DNA extension to complete the encoding of protein-aptamer recognition event into a double-stranded DNA molecule for subsequent amplification and sequencing. We named this method PRECISE, which stands for quantification of protein recognition events by encoding information into DNA sequences via proximity-induced extension.