PHENOMENOLOGICAL THEORY AND ITS PLACE IN LITERARY STUDIES

This article explores phenomenological theory and its role in literary studies as a method for analyzing human experience, perception, and consciousness. Phenomenology, founded by Edmund Husserl, emphasizes concepts such as intentionality and epoch, which focus on how phenomena appear in human consciousness. The study also considers the contributions of Martin Heidegger, who linked phenomenology with questions of human existence through the concept of being-in-the-world, as well as the interpretations of David Farrell Krell on time and finitude. In addition, the ideas of Maurice Merleau-Ponty regarding perception and embodied experience are discussed. The article argues that the phenomenological approach is an effective methodological tool for literary analysis, particularly in studying the subjective experience of characters in modern dystopian novels and interpreting the image of children as a reflection of the initial perception of the world and the formation of human consciousness.