A geotechnical index for landslide dam stability assessment

Effective disaster countermeasures of landslide dams hinge on the stability prediction in the emergency and mid-long-term stages. Variable morphological characteristics and multiple geomorphic indices as well as complicated geotechnical parameters pose significant challenges to a quick stability assessment. A particle size distribution (PSD) database was established based on 83 landslide deposits, including damming and non-damming landslides from around the world. Characteristic parameter <i>K</i> for quantitatively measuring landslide dam material properties were suggested on the basis of statistical analysis of deposit PSDs. Here we proposed a geotechnical index <i>MMI</i> (morphometry &amp; material index) including dam volume, height and width, as well as characteristic parameter <i>K</i>, grain size <i>d</i>₉₀ and lake volume that helps to estimate landslide dam stability. Besides, landslide dams in our inventory were divided into four levels based on their material composition, longevity and spillway form. With this we achieved the stability classification criterion according to the relation between these historical cases stability levels and <i>MMI</i> values. This study underlines the need to include geotechnical aspects such as grain size distribution for assessing dam stability, because the impact of material conditions on landslide dam evolution cannot be ignored.