Transcriptome in colon of DFMO-treated gnotobiotic mice monocolonized with wild-type E. coli or putrescine-deficient E. coli and germ-free mice.

Eight female germ-free (GF) mice were randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 4 per group) and colonized with wild-type E. coli (MG1655) or putrescine-deficient E. coli (SK930) at 5 weeks of age. These gnotobiotic mice in both groups were given sterilized difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) in water for a month to inhibit polyamine biosynthesis. Four female GF mice were housed as a control group and given sterilized water for 12 weeks. These mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation, and the colon samples were taken in two sections, proximal and distal colon. Total RNA was extracted from the colonic tissues using NucleoSpin RNA according to the manufacturer's protocols. Transcriptomics was performed using a DNBSEQ.