The fate of Meconopsis species in the Tibeto-Himalayan region under future climate change

High-mountain areas such as the Tibeto-Himalayan region (THR) host cold-adapted biota expected to be sensitive to anthropogenic climate change. Meconopsis is a representative endangered genus confined to alpine meadow or subnival habitats in the THR. To obtain occurrence data for Meconopsis species found in the THR and adjacent regions, we used records from the Chinese Virtual Herbarium (CVH: http://www.cvh.org.cn/), the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF: http://www.gbif.org/), and the published literature (He et al., 2019). We only used occurrence data collected after 1950, and removed duplicate records found within a 5-kilometer diameter. Our dataset for ten species of Meconopsis are the numbers of records per species ranging from 17 to 228. For these ten Meconopsis species, we identified potential future climate refugia and determined optimal routes for each species to disperse to the proposed refugia. Our results indicate that for the ten Meconopsis species the regions...