Autotoxicities of the soil extracts, root extracts, root exudates, and ginsenosides on the seedling germination and growth of Sanqi ginseng.

# One-CS, Two-CS, and Three-CS represent the soil samples from the fields with one, two, and three years of continuous Sanqi ginseng cultivation. CR represents the crude ginsenosides that were extracted from the three-year Sanqi ginseng roots. REs represent the root exudates of the Sanqi ginseng. × Means and standard errors (SE) are shown. Values shown here are the F statistic with a p-value < 0.05 marked as * and < 0.01 marked as **. Autotoxicities of the soil extracts, root extracts, root exudates, and ginsenosides on the seedling germination and growth of Sanqi ginseng.