广西花坪国家级自然保护区样地的甲虫多样性调查数据集(2020年)

In recent years, the research on biodiversity in China has developed rapidly. Species diversity reflects the complex relationship between organisms and the environment and the richness of biological resources, and is often widely studied as the focus of biodiversity. Coleoptera, commonly known as beetles, has been recorded about 380,000 species over the world. The hard body and specialized elytra support the characteristics of beetle's multi-dwelling habitat distribution, leading Coleoptera become an ideal group for biodiversity research due to their rich species and diverse morphology. At present, the mainly methods in insect diversity research are active collection, while passive collection is mainly pitfall trap which is used for collecting little-lawyer insects. As an important means of insect sampling and detection, Malaise trap can effectively collect ground insects and insects with weak flying ability. However, current insect collection methods cannot be used to better investigate the biodiversity of species in different Spaces. The flying interception trap is aimed at the insects in a higher range and can effectively collect the flying insects on the ground. Guangxi Huaping National Nature Reserve is rich in animal and plant resources due to its high elevation difference and humid environment. It is an important gene pool of biological species in China. It is an ideal place for biodiversity research. In this study we set up ten samples in Guangxi Huaping National Nature Reserve. The integrated use of flight intercept trap, Malaise trap, and pitfall trap to establish cluster vertical acquisition equipment, covering the surface, the surface to 1m low, 0.5m low to 2.5m high. It can effectively collect the little-lawyer beetles and the beetles has the ability to fly. In this study, from May to November 2020, samples were totally collected 29 times. The flying interception trap and pitfall trap were collected once a week, and Malaise trap were collected twice a week. The database was established by taking photos of the back of beetles at various points on each collection date and three different collection methods. According to the photos, the number of beetles was counted. A total of 646 photos were taken, and 8,875 beetles were collected. The dataset provided a data basis for the survey of insect diversity in Guangxi Huaping National Nature Reserve, and a new idea for other biodiversity studies. The collection effects of the three passive collection methods provided data support for the comparative analysis of insect diversity survey by different collection methods. The dataset can also be used to analyze and compare the distribution and morphological differences of beetle populations in different habitats. It also can provide data support for subsequent geometric morphology or morphological studies.

近年来，中国的生物多样性研究发展迅猛。物种多样性反映了生物与环境之间的复杂关联以及生物资源的丰富程度，常作为生物多样性研究的核心议题被广泛探究。鞘翅目（Coleoptera）俗称甲虫，全球已记录约38万个物种。其坚硬的躯体与特化的鞘翅支撑了甲虫多样的栖息分布特征，加之物种丰富、形态多样，使得鞘翅目成为生物多样性研究的理想类群。当前，昆虫多样性研究的主要采集手段为主动采集，而被动采集多以陷阱法（pitfall trap）为主，多用于采集地表活动昆虫。马氏网（Malaise trap）作为昆虫采样与监测的重要手段，可有效采集地表昆虫与飞行能力较弱的昆虫。但现有的昆虫采集方法难以更好地开展不同空间尺度下的物种生物多样性调查。飞行拦截陷阱（flight intercept trap）针对高空分布的昆虫，可高效采集地面上方的飞行昆虫。广西花坪国家级自然保护区因地势高差悬殊、环境湿润，动植物资源极为丰富，是我国重要的生物物种基因库，亦是开展生物多样性研究的理想场所。本研究在广西花坪国家级自然保护区布设10个采样点，综合运用飞行拦截陷阱、马氏网与陷阱法搭建分层采样装置，覆盖地表、地表至1米低空、0.5米至2.5米中高空三个空间层级，可有效采集地表活动甲虫与具飞行能力的甲虫。本研究于2020年5月至11月期间，累计完成29次采样：飞行拦截陷阱与陷阱法每周采样1次，马氏网每周采样2次。在每次采样日，针对三种采集方式的不同点位拍摄甲虫背面照片以建立数据集，并依据照片统计甲虫个体数量。本次研究共拍摄646张照片，采集甲虫个体总计8875头。本数据集为广西花坪国家级自然保护区的昆虫多样性调查提供了数据基础，同时为其他生物多样性研究提供了新思路。三种被动采集方法的采集效果数据，可为不同采集方法下的昆虫多样性调查对比分析提供支撑。该数据集还可用于分析比较不同生境中甲虫种群的分布与形态差异，亦可为后续的几何形态学或形态学研究提供数据支持。