Epidermal flavonol and anthocyanin content in leaves of Vaccinium myrtillus, Homogyne alpina and Soldanella carpatica, measured with Dualex Scientific +

Epidermal (A) flavonol and (B) anthocyanin contents measured at the adaxial and abaxial sides of leaves of Vaccinium myrtillus, Soldanella carpatica (overwintered), and Homogyne alpina growing in the Tatra Mountains, at different sites: understorey (Jaworzynka valley, 1080 m asl, 1125 m asl), clearing (Jaworzynka Valley, 1080 m asl, 1125 m asl), subalpine (Hala Gasienicowa, 1615 m asl), and peak alpine (Liliowe Pass, 1970 m asl) sites. Leaves were measured with Dualex Scientific + (Force-A, Paris-Sud, France) for 20 plants of each species at a given site.