Cobalt rich ferromanganese crusts

The GSI, as partner and Work Package 7 (Minerals) leader of EMODnet Geology Phase II, are compiling information on cobalt rich ferromanganese crusts. EMODnet partners are submitting the mapped extent of cobalt rich ferromanganese crusts and established information; here you can view data collated thus far. Cobalt rich ferromanganese crusts are metallic mineral deposits that often form at depths between 400 to 4000 metres, as thin layers on the flanks of seamounts and submarine volcanoes. The crusts accumulate when manganese, iron and trace metals including cobalt, copper, nickel and platinum dissolved in sea water are precipitated onto the volcanic substrate.Marine ferromanganese crust deposits are potential mineral resources that contain base metals and strategic and critical elements such as cooper (Cu), cobalt (Co), vanadium (V), nickel (Ni), titanium (Ti), platinum group elements (PGEs) or rare earth elements (REEs). Traditionally, marine precipitates are defined as: a) purely hydrogenetic when all constituents are derived from cold seawater, (b) diagenetic, when all constituents are derived from cold sediment pore water; and (c) hydrothermal when precipitation occurs in the vicinity of hydrothermal vent sites from fluids with temperatures higher than ambient bottom waters. Hydrogenetic Fe-Mn crusts occur throughout the global ocean on seamounts, ridges and plateaus, where currents have kept the rocks free of sediment for millions of years. Some ferromanganese (Fe-Mn) crusts exhibit a mixed origin, primarily either hydrothermal-hydrogenetic or hydrogenetic-diagenetic.

GSI作为EMODnet地质二期项目的合作伙伴及工作包7（矿物）负责人，正在整理富含钴的锰铁氧化物壳层的相关信息。EMODnet的合作伙伴正在提交富含钴的锰铁氧化物壳层的测绘范围和已建立的信息；您在此可以查看迄今为止收集的数据。富含钴的锰铁氧化物壳层是一种金属矿物沉积，通常形成于400至4000米深的海底，以薄层形式分布在海山和海底火山侧翼。当海水中的锰、铁和包括钴、铜、镍和铂在内的微量元素溶解后，在火山基底上沉淀，壳层便随之积累。海洋锰铁氧化物沉积是潜在的矿产资源，其中含有基础金属和战略及关键元素，如铜（Cu）、钴（Co）、钒（V）、镍（Ni）、钛（Ti）、铂族元素（PGEs）或稀土元素（REEs）。传统上，海洋沉淀物被定义为：a）纯粹氢生成的，当所有成分均源自冷海水时；（b）成岩的，当所有成分均源自冷沉积物孔隙水时；（c）热液生成的，当沉淀发生在热水喷口附近，由温度高于环境底水的流体产生。氢生成Fe-Mn壳层遍布全球海洋的海山、脊和高原，其中洋流保持了岩石数百万年来免受沉积物的影响。某些锰铁（Fe-Mn）壳层显示出混合起源，主要要么是热液-氢生成的，要么是氢生成-成岩的。