A Novel Approach for Markov Random Field With Intractable Normalizing Constant on Large Lattices

The pseudo likelihood method of Besag (1974) has remained a popular method for estimating Markov random field on a very large lattice, despite various documented deficiencies. This is partly because it remains the only computationally tractable method for large lattices. We introduce a novel method to estimate Markov random fields defined on a regular lattice. The method takes advantage of conditional independence structures and recursively decomposes a large lattice into smaller sublattices. An approximation is made at each decomposition. Doing so completely avoids the need to compute the troublesome normalizing constant. The computational complexity is <i>O</i>(<i>N</i>), where <i>N</i> is the number of pixels in the lattice, making it computationally attractive for very large lattices. We show through simulations, that the proposed method performs well, even when compared with methods using exact likelihoods. Supplementary material for this article is available online.