Lexicon of Polarity Shifting Directions

This dataset provides information on the shifting direction of polarity shifters. Shifting directions specify whether a polarity shifter can affect only positive polar expressions, only negative ones or shift in both directions.

We cover all shifters found in the shifter lexicon of Schulder, Wiegand and Ruppenhofer (JNLE 2021), which contains verbs, noun and adjectives.

Data
A list of 2521 polarity shifters, labeled for their shifting direction. Contains 863 shifters that affect only positive polar expressions, 288 shifters that affect only negative polar expressions and 1370 shifters that can shift in both directions.

File: shifting_directions.txt

The lexicon is a comma-separated value (CSV) table

Each line follows the format POS,LEMMA,DIRECTION_LABEL,SOURCE.

POS: The part of speech of the word (verb, noun, adj)

LEMMA: The lemma representation of the word in question. Multiword expressions are separated by an underscore (WORD_WORD).

DIRECTION_LABEL: Whether the shifter affects only positive polarities (AFFECTS_POSITIVE), only negative polarities (AFFECTS_NEGATIVE) or can shift in both directions (AFFECTS_BOTH).

SOURCE: Whether the word was part of the gold standard (GOLD_STANDARD) or was labeled automatically (AUTOMATIC).

Attribution
This dataset was created as part of the following publication:

Schulder, Marc and Wiegand, Michael and Ruppenhofer, Josef (2020). "Enhancing a Lexicon of Polarity Shifters through the Supervised Classification of Shifting Directions". Proceedings of the 12th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pages 5010–5016, Marseille, France, May 11-16, 2020.

If you use the data in your research or work, please cite the publication.