HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES IN MYOCARDIAL TISSUE DURING MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND MODERN ANTIOXIDANT / ROS-TARGETED THERAPY

Myocardial infarction (MI) remains one of the most severe forms of cardiovascular disease, carrying a persistently high mortality rate worldwide. This review investigates the sequential histological stages of ischemic myocardial injury, the central pathogenetic role of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the current landscape of antioxidant and ROS-targeted therapeutic strategies. Published experimental and clinical data were systematically reviewed and synthesized. Findings demonstrate that necrosis, inflammation, and fibrosis develop in a well-defined temporal sequence within myocardial tissue, with ROS production substantially accelerating each stage of this cascade. Emerging ROS-sensitive nanoparticulate delivery systems and advanced antioxidant strategies show considerable promise in attenuating these detrimental processes. The authors conclude that nanoparticle-based dual nanotherapy combined with targeted antioxidant delivery may represent a new therapeutic paradigm for the management of myocardial infarction.