Global Financial Inclusion (Global Findex) Database 2014 - Jamaica

Abstract
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Financial inclusion is critical in reducing poverty and achieving inclusive economic growth. When people can participate in the financial system, they are better able to start and expand businesses, invest in their children’s education, and absorb financial shocks. Yet prior to 2011, little was known about the extent of financial inclusion and the degree to which such groups as the poor, women, and rural residents were excluded from formal financial systems.

By collecting detailed indicators about how adults around the world manage their day-to-day finances, the Global Findex allows policy makers, researchers, businesses, and development practitioners to track how the use of financial services has changed over time. The database can also be used to identify gaps in access to the formal financial system and design policies to expand financial inclusion.

Geographic coverage
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National Coverage

Analysis unit
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Individual

Universe
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The target population is the civilian, non-institutionalized population 15 years and above.

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Frequency of data collection
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Triennial

Sampling procedure
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As in the first edition, the indicators in the 2014 Global Findex are drawn from survey data covering almost 150,000 people in more than 140 economies-representing more than 97 percent of the world's population. The survey was carried out over the 2014 calendar year by Gallup, Inc. as part of its Gallup World Poll, which since 2005 has continually conducted surveys of approximately 1,000 people in each of more than 160 economies and in over 140 languages, using randomly selected, nationally representative samples. The target population is the entire civilian, noninstitutionalized population age 15 and above. The set of indicators will be collected again in 2017.

Surveys are conducted face to face in economies where telephone coverage represents less than 80 percent of the population or is the customary methodology. In most economies the fieldwork is completed in two to four weeks. In economies where face-to-face surveys are conducted, the first stage of sampling is the identification of primary sampling units. These units are stratified by population size, geography, or both, and clustering is achieved through one or more stages of sampling. Where population information is available, sample selection is based on probabilities proportional to population size; otherwise, simple random sampling is used. Random route procedures are used to select sampled households. Unless an outright refusal occurs, interviewers make up to three attempts to survey the sampled household. To increase the probability of contact and completion, attempts are made at different times of the day and, where possible, on different days. If an interview cannot be obtained at the initial sampled household, a simple substitution method is used. Respondents are randomly selected within the selected households by means of the Kish grid. In economies where cultural restrictions dictate gender matching, respondents are randomly selected through the Kish grid from among all eligible adults of the interviewer's gender.

In economies where telephone interviewing is employed, random digit dialing or a nationally representative list of phone numbers is used. In most economies where cell phone penetration is high, a dual sampling frame is used. Random selection of respondents is achieved by using either the latest birthday or Kish grid method. At least three attempts are made to reach a person in each household, spread over different days and times of day.

The sample size in Jamaica was 504 individuals.

Mode of data collection
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Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument
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The questionnaire was designed by the World Bank, in conjunction with a Technical Advisory Board composed of leading academics, practitioners, and policy makers in the field of financial inclusion. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and Gallup Inc. also provided valuable input. The questionnaire was piloted in multiple countries, using focus groups, cognitive interviews, and field testing. The questionnaire is available in 142 languages upon request.

Questions on cash withdrawals, saving using an informal savings club or person outside the family, domestic remittances, school fees, and agricultural payments are only asked in developing economies and few other selected countries. The question on mobile money accounts was only asked in economies that were part of the Mobile Money for the Unbanked (MMU) database of the GSMA at the time the interviews were being held.

Sampling error estimates
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Estimates of standard errors (which account for sampling error) vary by country and indicator. For country-specific margins of error, please refer to the Methodology section and corresponding table in Asli Demirguc-Kunt, Leora Klapper, Dorothe Singer, and Peter Van Oudheusden, “The Global Findex Database 2014: Measuring Financial Inclusion around the World.” Policy Research Working Paper 7255, World Bank, Washington, D.C.

摘要
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金融包容性对于减少贫困和实现包容性经济增长至关重要。当人们能够参与金融体系时，他们更有能力创办和扩大企业，投资于子女的教育，以及吸收金融冲击。然而，在2011年之前，人们对金融包容性的程度以及贫困、女性和农村居民等群体被排除在正式金融体系之外的程度知之甚少。
通过收集关于全球成年人如何管理日常财务的详细指标，全球Findex数据库使政策制定者、研究人员、企业和发展实践者能够追踪金融服务的使用随着时间的推移而发生的改变。该数据库还可以用于识别正式金融体系接入方面的差距，并设计政策以扩大金融包容性。
地理覆盖范围
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国家覆盖范围
分析单元
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个人
总体
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目标群体为15岁及以上的非机构化平民。
数据类型
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样本调查数据 [ssd]
数据收集频率
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每三年一次
抽样程序
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与第一版一样，2014年全球Findex数据库中的指标来自覆盖140多个经济体近15万人的调查数据，这些经济体代表了世界上97%以上的人口。该调查由盖洛普公司于2014年全年作为其盖洛普全球民意调查的一部分进行，自2005年以来，盖洛普全球民意调查一直在超过160个经济体和140多种语言中进行，使用随机选择的、国家代表性的样本进行调查。目标群体为15岁及以上的所有非机构化平民。这组指标将在2017年再次收集。
在电话覆盖率低于80%或为传统方法的经济体中，调查以面对面方式进行。在大多数经济体中，实地工作在两周至四周内完成。在面对面调查的经济体中，第一阶段抽样是识别主要抽样单位。这些单位按人口规模、地理区域或两者进行分层，并通过一个或多个抽样阶段实现聚类。如果可用人口信息，样本选择基于与人口规模成比例的概率；否则，使用简单随机抽样。使用随机路线程序选择抽样家庭。除非出现明确拒绝，否则调查员最多尝试三次调查抽样家庭。为了提高联系和完成调查的概率，在不同时间和可能的不同天尝试联系。如果无法在最初抽样家庭中获得访谈，则使用简单替代方法。
受访者通过Kish网格在所选家庭内随机选择。在文化限制规定性别匹配的经济体中，受访者通过Kish网格从所有合格的成年受访者中随机选择。
在采用电话访谈的经济体中，使用随机数字拨号或国家代表性的电话号码列表。在手机普及率高的经济体中，使用双重抽样框架。通过使用最新生日或Kish网格方法实现受访者的随机选择。在每个家庭中至少尝试三次联系某人，分散在一天中的不同时间和不同天。
牙买加的样本量为504人。
数据收集方式
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计算机辅助个人访谈 [capi]
研究工具
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问卷由世界银行设计，同时与由金融包容领域的领先学者、实践者和政策制定者组成的技术咨询委员会合作。比尔及梅琳达·盖茨基金会和盖洛普公司也提供了宝贵的意见。问卷在多个国家进行了试点，使用了焦点小组、认知访谈和实地测试。根据请求，问卷可用142种语言。
仅在发展中国家和少数其他选定国家询问关于现金提取、使用非正式储蓄俱乐部或家庭外人士储蓄、国内汇款、学费和农业支付的问题。关于移动货币账户的问题仅在访谈进行时是GSMA“无银行账户者的移动货币”（MMU）数据库一部分的经济体中询问。
抽样误差估计
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标准误差的估计（考虑抽样误差）因国家和指标而异。有关特定国家的误差范围，请参阅方法部分和相应表格，参见Asli Demirguc-Kunt、Leora Klapper、Dorothe Singer和Peter Van Oudheusden的“全球Findex数据库2014：衡量世界各地的金融包容性。”世界银行政策研究工作论文7255，华盛顿特区。