Model comparisons for the abundance and species richness of bee groups (all, social bees, solitary bees, and cleptoparasitic assemblages) in conifer (Cryptomeria japonica) planted forest.

The table shows values of AIC and of ΔAIC calculated as the difference from AIC values of the null models. Asterisks (*) indicate that the vertexes placed within the forest ages (between 3 and 76 years old for planted conifer forest) were below 0 on the y axis for the best models (quadratic functions), and thus the second-best models were selected.