Corrugation mechanism and factors in unsealed roads

Unsealed roads are the lifelines of regional Australia, yet they often develop corrugations, washboard-like bumps that affect safety and demand costly maintenance. My research uncovered why this happens. Changes in moisture weaken the road surface, and vehicle tyres then trigger shallow shear failures that grow into corrugations. Using field studies, laboratory testing, numerical modelling, and machine learning, I developed a comprehensive predictive framework to anticipate the onset of corrugation initiation. This work provides practical tools to design and maintain stronger, safer unsealed roads, improving travel and reducing costs for regional communities.