Analysis of saliva in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with or without periodontitis based on 16S rDNA sequencing and LC-MS Untargeted metabolomics

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and periodontitis are closely related, as both conditions can affect the microbial composition and metabolic processes in the host. Saliva, as a unique diagnostic fluid, effectively reflects changes in the microbiota and metabolites of patients with T2DM and periodontitis. To further elucidate the bidirectional relationship between T2DM and periodontitis, we analyzed the saliva of patients with T2DM and non-diabetic subjects. The patients were randomly divided into a T2DM with periodontitis group (DM-CP group), a T2DM-only group (DM group), a periodontitis-only group (CP group), and a healthy control group (H group).