Scientific Productivity, Intellectual Property Imports, and R&D Expenditures in Kazakhstan (1996–2024)

This dataset provides annual time-series data for Kazakhstan covering the period 1996–2024. It includes three key variables: scientific productivity (JAST), intellectual property imports (ImportIP), and government expenditures on research and development (GERD).
Scientific productivity (JAST) is measured as the number of publications in basic and technological sciences indexed in the Web of Science database. Intellectual property imports (ImportIP) are expressed in current U.S. dollars and capture the inflow of foreign knowledge and technology. Government expenditures on research and development (GERD) are also reported in current U.S. dollars and reflect public investment in scientific research.
The dataset is designed to facilitate empirical analysis of the relationship between knowledge inflows, public R&D spending, and scientific output in Kazakhstan. Empirical evidence based on this dataset suggests that intellectual property imports exert a negative effect on scientific productivity in the short run, but a positive and statistically significant effect in lagged periods, indicating delayed knowledge absorption. In contrast, R&D expenditures do not show a statistically significant impact on scientific productivity within the analyzed framework.
The dataset is suitable for time-series econometric analysis (e.g., ARMA, ARDL, ECM models) and supports research on innovation dynamics, knowledge transfer, and science policy in emerging economies.

Keywords: scientific productivity, intellectual property import, R&D expenditures, Kazakhstan.