FUTURE OPPORTUNITIES OF BIO-SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS

This study examines the ion migration model in perovskite solar cells, emphasizing its fundamental role in device performance, stability, and hysteresis behavior. Ion migration, primarily associated with the movement of halide ions and vacancies under an internal electric field, significantly affects charge transport and recombination dynamics. The work analyzes the mechanisms of ionic drift and diffusion, their coupling with electronic carriers, and their influence on current–voltage characteristics. A comprehensive model is developed to describe time-dependent ionic redistribution and its impact on internal electric fields and interfacial processes. Particular attention is given to defect chemistry, activation energies, and the role of grain boundaries as fast ion migration pathways. The results provide insight into degradation phenomena and operational instability, offering strategies to suppress ion migration through material engineering, compositional tuning, and interface optimization. This research contributes to improving the long-term efficiency and reliability of perovskite-based photovoltaic devices.