Model 1 — Risk factors associated with Avian Influenza type H9N2 infection on commercial poultry farms in Pakistan based on a backward manual stepwise selection process on all variables available in Table 1.

R2 = 0.365 (out of a possible 0.5) aThe odds of being near the other commercial farm<1km was 0.270 (CI 95%: 0.082–0.888) times less in case farm than the odds of exposure in the control farms b The odds of being near the case/other infected farm<1km was 44.4 (CI 95%: 9.83–200) times greater than the odds of exposure in the control farms. cThe odds of having history of infection with IBD for case was 3.20 (95% CI: 1.29–8.14) times greater than the odds of exposure in the control farm. dThe odds of selling the birds/and or eggs directly to live bird retail shops was 7.69 (CI 95%: 2.02–29.3) times more than the odds of exposure in the control farms. Model 1 — Risk factors associated with Avian Influenza type H9N2 infection on commercial poultry farms in Pakistan based on a backward manual stepwise selection process on all variables available in Table 1.