Contractile work and biarticular mechanisms of the triceps surae muscles facilitate net ankle mechanical work at high walking speeds

All the data are stored in a MATLAB structure format. <br> Slow walk = walking at 0.7 m/s Normal walk = walking at 1.4 m/s walk seven = walking at 2.5 m/s walk max = walking at 2.6 +- 0.3 m/s <br> all_ime_result3 = the results of the linear mixed model on all parameters. <br> Statistical_3 = values for all individuals. <br> Statistical_values_3 = Average and standard errors of all parameters. <br> Tables_1 = all of the tables introduced in the article. --------------------Description of the variables-------------------- <strong>General instruction: </strong> Variables that ended with “ _avg” are the average of all gait cycles. Variables that ended with “_avg_s” are the average of all gait stance phases. Variables that ended with “_trials” are the all data of all gait cycles. Sampling frequency of the motion capture is: 250 Hz Sampling frequency of the analogue channels are: 1000 Hz Name: name of the current trial. <strong>Participants:</strong> the code name of the individuals participated in the study. <strong>MTJ:</strong> the displacement of the muscle-tendon junction of the gastrocnemius medialis and the Achilles tendon. <strong>AT_elongation:</strong> the elongation of the Achilles tendon (referenced at the AT rest length in 20 degree plantarflexion) <strong>AT_length:</strong> The absolute values of the Achilles tendon length. <strong>MB_length:</strong> the length of the gastrocnemius medialis muscle belly. (the length between MTJ and knee joint center). <strong>MTU_Hawkins: </strong>the length of the muscle-tendon unit with Hawkins method (with knee and ankle angle, for more info please see D. Hawkins and M. Hull 1990). <strong>L_GM_MTU:</strong> the length of the Achilles tendon plus MB_length. <strong>L_GM_MTU_medial_knee:</strong> the length of the Achilles tendon plus MB_length (the length of Achilles tendon and medial knee reflective marker) <strong>AT_strain:</strong> The strain of the Achilles tendon. <strong>Ankle:</strong> the ankle angle. <strong>Ankle_angle_vel:</strong> the angular velocity of the ankle. <strong>Knee:</strong> the knee angle. <strong>Heel:</strong> The angle between the heel marker, ankle joint center and the knee joint center. <strong>Strain_engery:</strong> The elastic strain energy of the Achilles tendon. <strong>E_gm_ten:</strong> the elastic strain energy of the tendon of the gastrocnemius medialis. <strong>E_gm_belly:</strong> the energy of the gastrocnemius medialis (by using the <strong>MB_length</strong>) <strong>E_gm_MTU:</strong> the energy of the gastrocnemius medialis (by using the L_GM_MTU) <strong>Strain_energy_rate:</strong> the power of the tendon. <strong>Force:</strong> the force of the Achilles tendon. <strong>F_GM:</strong> the force of the gastrocnemius medialis (CSA=0.26% of total). <strong>Ankle_moment: </strong>The moment generated by whole triceps surae muscles around the ankle joint. <strong>Ankle_moemnt_norm:</strong> The moment generated by whole triceps surae muscles around the ankle joint normalized with individuals body weights. <strong>Ankle_work:</strong> the work done by whole triceps surae muscle around the ankle joint. <strong>Ankle_work_total:</strong> net work done by triceps surae muscle around the ankle joint. <strong>Ankle_power:</strong> The power generated around ankle joint by by triceps surae muscle around the ankle joint. <strong>Knee_moment_gm: </strong>the moment generated around knee joint by gastrocnemius medials. <strong>Knee_moment_gl:</strong> the moment generated around knee joint by gastrocnemius lateralis. <strong>Knee_power_gm:</strong> the power generated around knee joint by gastrocnemius medials. <strong>Knee_power_gl:</strong> the power generated around knee joint by gastrocnemius medials. <strong>EMGs:</strong> the electromyography of all investigated muscles (sol, gm, ta). <strong>EMG_Norm:</strong> normalized electromyography of all investigated muscles (sol, gm, ta) referenced with EMG during individuals maximum voluntary contraction. <strong>MVC_Plantar:</strong> the electromyography of all investigated muscles during plantarflexion (2 trials) <strong>MVC_Dorsi:</strong> the electromyography of all investigated muscles during plantarflexion (2 trials) <strong>Stance_phases:</strong> Number of frames in stance phase of all trials (sampling frequency is 250 hz). <strong>Stance_average:</strong> the average of the number of frames in stance phase (sampling frequency is 250 hz). <strong>Swing_phase:</strong> Number of frames in stance phase of all trials (sampling frequency is 250 Hz). <strong>Dorsi_time_s:</strong> the time when ankle is in dorsi flexion during stance phase (seconds). <strong>Plantar_time_s:</strong> the time when ankle is in plantarflexion during stance phase (seconds). <strong>TO_percent:</strong> the toe off in percentage of total gait cycle. <strong>TO:</strong> the separation of the toe off in frame numbers (sampling frequency is 250 Hz). <strong>HS:</strong> Heel strike of the right foot in frame numbers (sampling frequency is 250 Hz). <strong>Cycle_length:</strong> the length of total gait cycle in frame numbers (sampling frequency is 250 Hz). <strong>Shank_len_static:</strong> the length of the shank during standing. <strong>Shank_len_gait:</strong> the length of the shank during gait. <strong>Lever_arm:</strong> the ankle lever-arm. <strong>V_gm_tendon:</strong> the linear velocity of the Achilles tendon. <strong>V_gm_belly:</strong> the linear velocity of the GM muscle belly (by using the <strong>MB_length</strong>). <strong>V_gm_MTU:</strong> the linear velocity of the GM muscle-tendon unit (by using the <strong>L_GM_MTU</strong>). <strong>Rest_length:</strong> the length of the Achilles tendon at 20 degree plantarflexion. <strong>Power_GM_MTU_joint:</strong> the power of the GM muscle-tendon unit with calculation of Biarticular equation. <strong>Power_GM_belly_joint:</strong> the power of the GM muscle with calculation of Biarticular equation. <strong>Power_GM_ankle:</strong> the power of GM at the ankle joint with calculation of Biarticular equation. <strong>Power_TSM_joint:</strong> the power of the total triceps surae muscle with calculation of Biarticular equation. <strong>Power_TSM_belly_joint:</strong> the power of the total triceps surae muscle minus the power of the Achilles tendon. <strong>Work_GM_MTU:</strong> integral of the <strong>Power_GM_ankle </strong>over time. <strong>Work_GL_MTU:</strong> integral of the <strong>Power_GL_ankle </strong>over time. <strong>Work_GM_Belly:</strong> integral of the Power_GM_belly_joint over time. <strong>Work_TSM_joint:</strong> integral of the Power_TSM_joint over time. <strong>Work_TSM_Belly_joint:</strong> integral of the Power_TSM_belly_joint over time. <strong>Work_GM_Knee:</strong> integral of the Knee_Power_gm over tiem. <strong>Work_GL_Knee:</strong> integral of the Knee_power_gl over time.