Data from: A zoogeographic model for the evolution of diversity and endemism in Madagascar

The delineation of zoogeographic regions is essential for understanding
the evolution of biodiversity. Madagascar, characterized by high levels of
endemism and habitat diversity, presents unique challenges and
opportunities for such studies. Traditional global zoogeographic
classifications, largely based on vertebrates, may overlook finer-scale
patterns of diversity. This study employs comprehensive ant distribution
datasets and phylogenomic data to propose a refined zoogeographic model
for Madagascar. Utilizing Phylogenetic Simpson’s Turnover, we identified
three primary regions—Eastern, Northern, and Western—each characterized by
distinct environmental and phylogenetic profiles. Further subdivision
revealed nine subregions, reflecting variations in elevation, net primary
productivity, and terrain ruggedness. Our findings highlight the
importance of topographical and environmental barriers in shaping
phylogenetic diversity and endemism. Notably, we observed significant
phylogenetic clustering in lowland areas and distinct differences in net
primary productivity and elevation across regions. This study underscores
the value of integrating phylogenetic data in zoogeographic analyses and
provides a nuanced framework for investigating biodiversity patterns in
Madagascar, offering insights into the processes driving speciation and
endemism on the island.