A Dataset of soil physical and chemical properties, phosphorus fractions, and phosphorus-activating microbial communities in wheat-sweet potato rotation fields in Liu District under differentization treatments in 2020

Phosphorus is one of the essential nutrients for plant growth, but it often exists in insoluble forms in soil, leading to low bioavailability. By analyzing the composition of soil organic phosphorus (Po) and inorganic phosphorus (Pi), the effectiveness of phosphorus can be explained through the morphological characteristics of soil phosphorus. The diversity of soil organic phosphorus-mineralizing microbial communities and inorganic phosphorus-solubilizing microbial communities helps reveal the mechanisms of phosphorus activation, fixation, and migration in soil, deepening the understanding of soil phosphorus cycling processes. This not only contributes to improving the efficiency of soil phosphorus utilization but also holds significant importance for environmental protection, sustainable resource utilization, and ecological restoration. This dataset originates from the long-term positioning experiment at the Jiangsu Cultivated Land Conservation Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Agricultural Environment Liuhe Observation and Experiment Station (four fertilization treatments). It includes phosphorus-related data from soil samples collected after the harvest of wheat and sweet potatoes in 2020. The dataset consists of nine parts: the experimental design of the long-term positioning experiment, fertilization conditions of different treatments in long-term located experiments, the physicochemical properties of soil after wheat and sweet potato harvest under different fertilization measures in 2020, the composition of soil organic phosphorus, the composition of soil inorganic phosphorus, the diversity of soil organic phosphorus-mineralizing microbial communities, the diversity of soil inorganic phosphorus-solubilizing microbial communities, the taxonomic composition of soil organic phosphorus-mineralizing microbial communities, the taxonomic composition of soil inorganic phosphorus-solubilizing microbial communities, and the records of measurement methods for each indicator. This dataset provides reliable foundational data for studying the effects of different fertilization measures on the morphological distribution of phosphorus in soil, the bioavailability of phosphorus, and its formation mechanisms.