Replication Data for: Playing Politics with Traffic Fines: Sheriff Elections and Political Cycles in Traffic Fines Revenue

The political budget cycle theory has extensively documented how politicians manipulate policies during election years to gain an electoral advantage. This article focuses on county sheriffs, crucial but often neglected local officials, and investigates their opportunistic political behavior during elections. Using a panel dataset covering 57 California county governments over four election cycles, we find compelling evidence of traffic enforcement policy manipulation by county sheriffs during election years. Specifically, a county’s per capita traffic fines revenue is 30 percent lower in the election than in non-election years. The magnitude of the political cycle intensifies when an incumbent sheriff runs for reelection or an election is competitive. Our findings contribute to the political budget cycle theory and provide timely insights into the ongoing debate surrounding law enforcement reform and local governments’ increasing reliance on fines and fees revenue.