Baseline characteristics of study population by incident metabolic syndrome.

Data were expressed as means ± standard deviation, median (interquartile range), or percentage for normally distributed continuous various, abnormally distributed continuous variables, and categorical variables, respectively. Cigarette smoking was defined as having smoked at least 100 cigarettes in one's lifetime. Alcohol consumption was defined as consumption of ≥30 g of alcohol per week for 1 year or more. Regular leisure-time physical activity was defined as participation in ≥30 min of moderate or vigorous activity per day at least 3 days per week. a adjusted for age.