Synergistic polyploidization and long-distance dispersal enable the global diversification of yellowcress herbs

Aim: Long-distance dispersal (LDD) plays an important role in shaping the distribution of global biodiversity. Polyploidy could favor invasion and thereby facilitate LDD. However, how and to what extent polyploidy interacts with LDD is unclear. Here, we test the putative role of polyploidy in the global dispersal of a cosmopolitan genus Rorippa.
Location: Global.
Time period: Late Miocene to present.
Major taxa studied: Rorippa Scop., Brassicaceae.
Methods: We traced the biogeographic and speciation history for 17 diploids and 41 polyploids of Rorippa using variation from plastid genomes and multiple nuclear loci. The ploidy role in dispersal rate difference was demonstrated using trait-dependent biogeographic modeling.
Results: LDD shaped the amphitropical disjunction of Rorippa, during which polyploids showed higher dispersal rates than those of diploids, with 5.6× increase under the best-fitted model. Five diploids and 21 polyploids were identified as products of transoceanic specia..., , , This is the R scripts used in the project
asr\_ploidy.R
The R script used for ancestral ploidy state reconstruction under two or multiple ploidy level models (TPL or MPL model).

RorippaBAYAREA\_ploidy.R
The R script used for ploidy-based biogeographic modeling under BAYAREA model.

RorippaDEC\_ploidy.R
The R script used for ploidy-based biogeographic modeling under DEC model.

RorippaDIVA\_ploidy.R
The R script used for ploidy-based biogeographic modeling under DIVA model.

phylomap.r
The R script used to plot phylogenetic tree on map.

rescale branch length.r
The R script used to rescale branch length of phylogenetic tree.

Appendix S1
The appendix described the methods used for phylogenetic analyses, trait evolution of ploidy state, and collection of lifespan and mating system.

ploidy.txt
Ploidy data used for trait-based biogeographic modelling.

rorippa\_cp.tre
Tree data used for phylogenetic analysis.

Supplement Figures S1-13.zip
Supplement Figures in high-resolution PDF format.