FaimanYaroSI.xlsx

Data suggests that the malaria vector mosquito <em>Anopheles coluzzii</em> persists during the dry season in the Sahel through a dormancy mechanism known as aestivation; however, the contribution of aestivation compared to alternative strategies such as migration is unknown. Here, we marked larval <em>Anopheles</em> mosquitoes in two Sahelian villages in Mali using deuterium (2H) to assess the contribution of aestivation to persistence of mosquitoes through the seven-month dry season. After an initial enrichment period, 33% of <em>An. coluzzii</em> mosquitoes were strongly marked. Seven months following enrichment, multiple analysis methods supported the ongoing presence of marked mosquitoes, compatible with the prediction that the fraction of marked mosquitoes should remain stable throughout the dry season if local aestivation is occurring. The results suggest that aestivation is a major persistence mechanism of <em>An. coluzzii </em>in the Sahel, contributing at least 20% of the adults at the onset of rains. This persistence strategy could influence mosquito control and malaria elimination campaigns. This data was used for all the analyses.