FaimanYaroSI.xlsx

Data suggests that the malaria vector mosquito <em>Anopheles coluzzii</em> persists during the dry season in the Sahel through a dormancy mechanism known as aestivation; however, the contribution of aestivation compared to alternative strategies such as migration is unknown. Here, we marked larval <em>Anopheles</em> mosquitoes in two Sahelian villages in Mali using deuterium (2H) to assess the contribution of aestivation to persistence of mosquitoes through the seven-month dry season. After an initial enrichment period, 33% of <em>An. coluzzii</em> mosquitoes were strongly marked. Seven months following enrichment, multiple analysis methods supported the ongoing presence of marked mosquitoes, compatible with the prediction that the fraction of marked mosquitoes should remain stable throughout the dry season if local aestivation is occurring. The results suggest that aestivation is a major persistence mechanism of <em>An. coluzzii </em>in the Sahel, contributing at least 20% of the adults at the onset of rains. This persistence strategy could influence mosquito control and malaria elimination campaigns. This data was used for all the analyses.

研究数据显示，疟疾媒介蚊子**库氏按蚊（*Anopheles coluzzii*）**可通过一种名为夏蛰（aestivation）的滞育机制，在萨赫勒地区的旱季存活；但相较于迁飞等其他生存策略，夏蛰的实际贡献仍不明确。本研究中，我们利用氘（deuterium，²H）对马里两个萨赫勒地区村庄的按蚊幼虫进行标记，以评估夏蛰对蚊子度过长达7个月旱季的贡献程度。在初始富集标记阶段结束后，33%的库氏按蚊（*An. coluzzii*）被成功标记。标记完成7个月后，多种分析方法均证实标记蚊子仍持续存在于种群中，这与「若当地存在夏蛰现象，旱季全程标记蚊子的比例应保持稳定」的预测相符。研究结果表明，夏蛰是库氏按蚊在萨赫勒地区存活的主要策略，在雨季初期的成虫种群中，至少有20%的个体来自夏蛰存活的种群。这种存活策略可能会对蚊子防控及疟疾消除行动产生影响。本数据集已用于所有相关分析工作。