DISTRIBUTION OF HEAVY METALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT AND APPLICATION OF PHYTHOREMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES REVIEW

This article highlights the role and significance of phytoremediation processes in the ecological restoration of areas contaminated with heavy metals due to anthropogenic activities. The article provides an extensive analysis of the geochemical sources of heavy metals and the processes of their distribution in the environment under the influence of anthropogenic factors, as well as the toxic effects observed in biotic components. Scientific data on the impact of heavy metals on human health, including the occurrence of various diseases and physiological dysfunctions, are also examined. Additionally, the article discusses stress reactions induced by heavy metals in plants, inhibition of growth processes, and metabolic changes. The fundamental principles and practical foundations of phytoremediation are specifically highlighted, and the physiological and biochemical characteristics of hyperaccumulator plants are scientifically analyzed.