Conversion of human fibroblast to endothelial cell by defined factors

Transient pluripotency-factor-based signaling-directed (TPS) transdifferentiation approach could be further applied to generate functional induced endothelial (iEnd) cells from human fibroblasts with only two factors: Oct4 and Klf4 (OK). The iEnd cells exhibit characteristic endothelial cell phenotype in vitro and in vivo and are capable of functionally promoting vascular regeneration and blood perfusion in a murine model of PAD. Human fibroblasts were transfected with Oct4 and Klf4 then changed to endothelial cell culture media with growth factors. iENDs were purified by FACS and enriched in EGM2 media.