Bacillus subtilis augmentation of hyperuricemia progression through alteration of gut microbiota and liver metabolome

Hyperuricemia (HUA) poses a growing threat to public health, prompting heightened interest in its prevention and management. The exploration of gut microbiota and probiotics in hyperuricemia is burgeoning. Current widespread utilization of probiotics in daily life contrasts with sparse reporting on their potential adverse effects. This study aims to find Bacillus subtilis augments serum uric acid levels via gut microbiome alterations and hepatic metabolic interference.