In practice, major public procurements involve competitive bidding.

In practice, major public procurements involve competitive bidding.
A 100 score is earned where all the following conditions are met:
1) bids from competing contractors, suppliers, or vendors are invited through open advertising of the scope, specifications, and terms of the proposed contract, and
2) the criteria by which the bids are evaluated is available for scrutiny.

A 50 score is earned where any of the following conditions apply:
1) bids from competing contractors, suppliers, or vendors are invited though open advertising, but the advertising doesn't leave much time for bidders to prepare their offers or it lacks basic components (scope, specifications, or terms of the proposed contract), or
2) the criteria by which the bids are evaluated is not readily available for scrutiny.

A 0 score is earned where at least one of the following conditions apply:
1) bids from competing contractors, suppliers, or vendors are rarely or never invited through open advertising of the scope, specifications, and terms of the proposed contract, or
2) the criteria by which the bids are to be evaluated is rarely available for scrutiny.

For variable descriptions, please refer to: https://www.africaintegrityindicators.org/data.
For the methodology, please refer to: https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5e971d408be44753edfb976c/t/60a55f343d36117866628867/1621450563745/AII10+-+Methodology.docx+%281%29.pdf.