Main findings of the eligible studies.

HF: heart failure, BMI: body mass index; CRP: C-reactive protein; CAD: coronary heart disease; SBP: systolic blood pressure; HF: heart rate; DM: diabetes mellitus; Hb: hemoglobin; MCV: mean corpuscular volume; CRE: creatinine; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate; NYHA: New York Heart Association functional classification; WBC: white blood cells; ATF: atrial fibrillation; Na: serum sodium; BBB: bundle branch block PAB: peripheral arterial disease; ACM: All-cause mortality; IHD: ischemic heart disease; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; CRT: cardiac resynchronization therapy; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; IA: ischemic etiology; ACEI: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs); ARB: angiotensin receptor blockers; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; IHD: ischemic heart disease; CV: cardiovascular; UA: uric acid; NSAVCD: non-specific intraventricular conduction delay.