The RNAseq analysis covered both the long- and short-winged variants of Nilaparvata lugens, along with Pyrrhocoris apterus

Given that either inactivation of the PaInR2-Chico-PI3K-TORC1 cascade in P. apterus or hyperactivation of the NlInR1-Chico- PI3K-Akt-FoxO cascade in N. lunges could lead to long-winged morphs, we asked whether the two signaling might converge on a common downstream modulator so as to achieve identical phenotypic outcomes. To verify this hypothesis, we conducted RNA sequencing on PaInR2-null mutant and NlInR2-null mutant at the 5th-instar stage, the short to long winged morphs transition period in both P. apterus and N. lugens.