Intestinal flora is a key factor in insulin resistance and contribute to the development of polycystic ovary syndrome and ameliorates glucose metabolism via activation of intestinal farnesoid X receptor (Human). PCOS and Intestinal flora

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common gynecological endocrine disease and was reported to be affected by the gut microbiome dysbiosis. We recruited treatment-naïve PCOS patients and hormonally healthy controls and found that the abundance of Bacteroides increased significantly in treatment-naïve PCOS, and the dysbiosis patterns could be modeled by machine learning to diagnose treatment-naïve PCOS. The increase of Bacteroides in PCOS was reproduced in mice PCOS models induced by letrozole (LET), along with increased cecal farnesol. Removing gut microbiota ameliorated PCOS phenotype, insulin resistance and glucose metabolism and increased the relative mRNA levels of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in the ileum and serum and serum fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15). Nevertheless, transplantation of PCOS human stool into mice did not induce PCOS but showed insulin resistance at ten weeks. Treating PCOS mice model with FXR agonist chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) can improve glucose metabolism.