Replication Data for: The Institutional Order of Liberalization

When authoritarian regimes liberalize, are there observable patterns in the ordering of reforms and are these patterns distinct for those cases that transition to democracy? While the prevailing literature tends to focus on exogenous ``determinants'' of democracy, this paper describes the endogenous dynamics of liberalization itself. Using pairwise domination analysis, we assess the institutional order of reforms during 371 episodes of liberalization in autocracies between 1900 and 2019. Based on 24 indicators of democratic institutions and practices, our findings reveal i) a clear pattern of reform during liberalization episodes, ii) with strong similarities across outcomes, but also that iii) reforms to the administration of elections tend to develop comparatively earlier in episodes of liberalization that produce a democratic transition.