Data for: Terrain units, land use and land cover, and gross primary productivity of the Araguaia River Basin

This data set was produced with the aim of integrating the landscape structural and functional factors with the GPP dynamics over different terrain units in the Araguaia River Basin. Studies were conducted through the integration of different databases, including the topographic domains, protected areas and indigenous lands; land use/cover map (year 2016); time series of GPP derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor (period of 2000–2015); Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) digital elevation models (DEM); and precipitation data produced by the WorldClim version 2 dataset. GPP time series were processed using statistical methods of time series decomposition. The dataset contributes to the understanding of the linkages between land use changes and carbon cycles by considering land use as a response of how the landscape is organized. Our data may provide subsidies for further studies on carbon budget, conservation of biodiversity, and rational use of natural resources.