Firm-level Enterprise and Innovation

The dataset is accessed from the World Bank Enterprise portal. It consists of the enterprise and Innovation Follow-up Surveys for 2012-2015 (i.e., WBES & IFS). The contents of the survey align with both the Community Innovation Survey (CIS) and the methodological procedures outlined in the Oslo Manual (OECD, 1997, 2005). The number of firms in the survey after merging both surveys with the unique firms' identifiers sums up to 8756 of which 3702 can be categorized as innovators. Innovative firms report whether they introduce a product, process, marketing, or an organizational innovation in the previous years.