Data from: Reduced fire severity offers near-term buffer to climate-driven declines in conifer resilience across the western United States

The combination of increasing fire-caused tree mortality and warmer, drier
post-fire conditions is making forests in the western United States (West)
vulnerable to ecological transformation. Yet, the relative importance of
and interactions between these drivers of forest change remain unresolved,
particularly over upcoming decades. Here we assess how the interactive
impacts of changing climate and wildfire activity influenced conifer
regeneration after 334 wildfires, using a novel dataset of post-fire
conifer regeneration from 10,230 field plots. Our findings highlight
declining regeneration capacity across the West over the past four decades
for the eight dominant conifer species studied. Post-fire regeneration is
sensitive to high-severity fire, which limits seed availability, and
post-fire climate, which influences seedling establishment and survival.
In the near-term, projected differences in recruitment probability between
low- and high-severity fire scenarios were larger than projected impacts
of climate change for most species, suggesting that reductions in fire
severity, and resultant impacts on seed availability, could partially
offset expected climate-driven declines in post-fire regeneration. Across
40–42% of the study area, we project post-fire conifer regeneration to be
likely following low-severity but not high-severity fire under future
climate scenarios (2031–2050). However, increasingly warm, dry climate
conditions are projected to eventually outweigh the influence of fire
severity and seed availability. The percent of the study area considered
unlikely to experience conifer regeneration, regardless of fire severity,
increased from 5% in 1981–2000 to 26–31% by mid-century, highlighting a
limited time window over which management actions that reduce fire
severity may effectively support post-fire conifer regeneration.